Industrial Equipment Buyer Due-Diligence Guide

Use evidence gates to prevent commercial pressure from outrunning technical, legal, safety and logistics review. Scale the depth to the machine, transaction value and consequence of failure.

Framework reviewed: 3 October 2026

Seven acquisition gates

Gate	Required work	Exit evidence
1. Requirement	Define the work, capacity, tolerances, utilities, site constraints, regulatory environment and acceptance criteria before comparing machines.	Approved specification and total-cost budget
2. Seller and title	Verify the legal seller, authority to sell, serial identity, ownership history, liens or security interests and sanctions/export-control exposure.	Identity and title evidence
3. Desktop review	Review photos, operating video, service records, manuals, known defects, recalls, software/licence transfer and available parts support.	Evidence register and open-items list
4. Inspection and test	Use an independent, competent inspector. Agree test scope, measurement methods, safety controls and acceptance limits in writing.	Signed inspection and functional-test report
5. Compliance	Identify product, workplace, environmental, import and operator requirements for the destination and intended use.	Compliance gap assessment and costed actions
6. Commercial terms	Document equipment scope, condition disclosures, price, taxes, payment protection, Incoterm, loading, risk transfer, inspection rights and remedies.	Executed contract and payment controls
7. Delivery and acceptance	Plan isolation, dismantling, lifting, transport, customs, site preparation, installation, commissioning, training and acceptance testing.	Delivery plan and acceptance certificate

Industry-specific decision points

Industries are ordered for your selected or detected market. Open the relevant section to see what to specify, inspect, collect and test.

Construction Equipment+

Specify: Task, production target, material, ground conditions, reach, lift, attachments, transport envelope, emissions tier and site rules.
Inspect: Structure and welds, pins and bushes, hydraulics, undercarriage or tyres, engine, brakes, safety systems and attachment interfaces.
Collect: Hours, service and fluid records, component rebuilds, inspection certificates, telematics history, ownership and attachment records.
Accept: Cold start, full-cycle loaded test, travel and brake test, leak and temperature review, safety-device test and measured wear report.

Agricultural Machinery+

Specify: Crop and task, acreage, soil, seasonal window, implements, road use, guidance system and local service support.
Inspect: Engine and drivetrain, hydraulics, PTO, hitch, tyres or tracks, electronics, wear parts and implement compatibility.
Collect: Hours, service history, ownership, field-use history, software or activation status, implement list and road documents.
Accept: Cold start, loaded hydraulic and PTO test, steering and braking test, guidance-system check and representative field trial where practical.

Machine Tools & Metalworking Equipment+

Specify: Material, part envelope, tolerance, surface finish, throughput, operations, tooling, probing, automation and control support.
Inspect: Geometry, spindle, axes, ways, ball screws, hydraulics, coolant, tool changer, control, guarding and chip management.
Collect: Power-on and cutting hours, alarm and service history, calibration, programs and licences, tooling, incidents and parameter backup.
Accept: Cold spindle run, geometry and backlash checks, representative cutting test, tool-change cycle, probing check and safety-function test.

Mining Equipment+

Specify: Ore or material, geology, production plan, duty, haul profile, altitude and climate, site standards, autonomy and support strategy.
Inspect: Main structure, powertrain, hydraulics, wear package, tyres or tracks, braking, steering, fire suppression, guarding and fatigue areas.
Collect: Hours and payload, rebuilds, oil analysis, structural repairs, tyre history, incidents, inspection records, telemetry and parts support.
Accept: Loaded duty-cycle test, brake and steering tests, temperature and pressure trends, structural NDT where justified and safety-system validation.

Processing & Packaging Equipment+

Specify: Product and pack, capacity, accuracy, format range, materials, seal or closure, coding, inspection, changeover and line integration.
Inspect: Product path, dosing system, sealing or forming tooling, conveyors, sensors, reject devices, controls, guarding and included change parts.
Collect: Prior products, format and change-part list, recipes and backups, maintenance, calibration, validation and reject-test records.
Accept: Agreed product and packaging-material run, speed and accuracy test, seal or closure checks, reject challenge and changeover demonstration.

Food & Beverage Processing Equipment+

Specify: Product, recipe, capacity, temperature, allergens, cleaning method, contact materials, utilities, line integration and validation needs.
Inspect: Product-contact surfaces, welds, dead legs, seals, drains, CIP or SIP circuits, controls, instrumentation and contamination history.
Collect: Materials declarations, manuals, cleaning records, recipes, calibration, maintenance, validation history and prior products processed.
Accept: Dry and wet run as applicable, capacity and temperature test, cleaning verification, instrument checks and agreed product trial.

Material Handling & Cranes Equipment+

Specify: Load and centre, lift height and radius, duty class, aisle or site geometry, floor, shifts, environment, attachments and power source.
Inspect: Structure, mast or boom, chains and ropes, forks or hook, brakes, steering, tyres, hydraulics, battery or engine and rated-capacity devices.
Collect: Capacity plate and chart, hours, periodic examinations, load-test history, repairs, attachment data, battery report and operator manual.
Accept: Pre-use inspection, no-load and rated-duty functional test under a competent plan, brakes and controls, limits and safety-device test.

Plastics, Rubber & Polymer Machinery+

Specify: Material, shot or output, screw and die, pressure, temperature, clamp force, mould envelope, cycle, auxiliaries and control needs.
Inspect: Screw and barrel, heaters, hydraulics, clamp and platens, gearbox, die or head, controls, guarding, cooling and material handling.
Collect: Hours and cycles, material history, screw and barrel measurements, service records, mould or die data, software and included auxiliaries.
Accept: Heat-up and stability test, dry cycle, pressure and clamp checks, leak review and representative production trial with agreed material.

Power Generation Equipment+

Specify: Continuous, prime or standby duty, load profile, voltage and frequency, fuel, emissions, altitude, synchronisation, noise and grid rules.
Inspect: Engine or prime mover, alternator, insulation, bearings, cooling, fuel, switchgear, protection, controls, enclosure and exhaust.
Collect: Running hours and starts, load history, service and oil analysis, protection settings, test reports, emissions data and overhaul history.
Accept: Cold start, stepped load-bank test, voltage and frequency stability, protection trips, synchronisation where relevant and leak or temperature review.

Oil & Gas Equipment+

Specify: Service, pressure, temperature, fluid, hazardous area, materials, sour-service needs, codes, skid interfaces and certification basis.
Inspect: Pressure boundary, corrosion and erosion, valves, seals, rotating equipment, electrical classification, relief devices, structure and piping.
Collect: Data book, material traceability, pressure tests, NDT, inspection and repair history, hazardous-area certificates and preservation log.
Accept: Document review by a competent engineer, leak or pressure test where appropriate, functional trip test, vibration check and control validation.

Transportation, Trucks & Trailers+

Specify: Payload, body or trailer type, routes, axle and dimensional limits, terrain, fuel, emissions, coupling, refrigeration and registration needs.
Inspect: Chassis and corrosion, engine and driveline, brakes, steering, suspension, tyres, body or trailer, coupling, electrics and safety systems.
Collect: VIN and title, mileage and engine hours, service and inspection history, accidents and repairs, emissions status and registration documents.
Accept: Cold start and road test by an authorised person, brake and steering checks, diagnostic scan, loaded systems test and body or trailer function test.

Industrial Automation & Robotics+

Specify: Payload, reach, accuracy, cycle, process, cell layout, interfaces, safety concept, software ownership and integration responsibility.
Inspect: Robot axes, backlash, dress pack, controller, teach pendant, tooling, guarding, scanners, interlocks, networks and backups.
Collect: Runtime and alarm history, programs and backups, licences, safety validation, maintenance, calibration and integration drawings.
Accept: Repeatability and payload test, representative cycle, I/O and network test, recovery test, backup restore evidence and safety validation.

Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment+

Specify: Process step, wafer size, technology and materials, throughput, uniformity, contamination class, facilities, automation and recipe ownership.
Inspect: Chamber and process modules, vacuum, gas and chemical systems, motion, optics or source, robotics, controls, interlocks and facility interfaces.
Collect: Configuration, serials, process and chamber history, uptime and alarms, contamination and decontamination records, software licences and support status.
Accept: Facilities check, leak and base-pressure tests where relevant, wafer handling, safety interlocks and an agreed process or monitor-wafer qualification.

Textile & Leather Machinery+

Specify: Fibre, yarn, fabric or hide, process, width or gauge, speed, quality target, colour or chemistry, utilities and finishing sequence.
Inspect: Frames, rollers, spindles, needles or knives, drives, tension control, heating or chemical circuits, extraction, controls and guarding.
Collect: Production hours, prior materials and chemicals, maintenance, settings and recipes, change parts, calibration and contamination history.
Accept: Representative material run, speed and quality measurement, tension and temperature stability, changeover and safety-function test.

Woodworking Machinery+

Specify: Wood or panel type, dimensions, cut or finish, tolerance, feed, production mix, tooling, extraction and automation needs.
Inspect: Spindles and arbors, bearings, fences and guides, cutters, feed system, tables, dust extraction, brakes, guarding and controls.
Collect: Hours, service and spindle history, tooling, software and licences, prior materials, dust or fire incidents and extraction requirements.
Accept: Runout and alignment checks, representative cut and finish test, feed and extraction test, braking and safety-function validation.

Marine Equipment+

Specify: Vessel and duty, power and speed, fuel, classification requirements, installation envelope, controls, cooling and emissions area.
Inspect: Block and rotating components, turbochargers, fuel and cooling systems, gearbox, mounts, controls, corrosion and preservation condition.
Collect: Serial identity, running hours, overhaul and oil-analysis history, class records, emissions documents, storage and preservation log.
Accept: Borescope and fluid review where justified, start and load test, pressure and temperature trend, vibration check and control-system test.

Printing Machinery+

Specify: Process, substrate, web or sheet format, colours, resolution, speed, drying or curing, finishing, coding and changeover targets.
Inspect: Cylinders and rollers, bearings, web path, feeders, registration, ink system, dryers, controls, inspection system and guarding.
Collect: Impression or running count, service history, colour-management and software licences, anilox or cylinder condition and prior substrates.
Accept: Representative substrate trial at agreed speed, registration and colour checks, waste measurement, changeover and safety-function test.

Test, Laboratory & Medical Equipment+

Specify: Intended use, sample or patient context, range, accuracy, throughput, environment, data integrity, calibration and regulatory status.
Inspect: Sensors, optics, motion, chambers, consumable path, alarms, software, accessories, electrical safety and decontamination condition.
Collect: Serial and configuration, calibration and service, software licence, validation, recall and incident status, decontamination and disposal records.
Accept: Calibration or performance verification against traceable standards, alarm and safety tests, data export and representative workflow test.

Forestry Equipment+

Specify: Timber size and terrain, production target, carrier, head or attachment, reach, mobility, transport, operator protection and fire risk.
Inspect: Boom and chassis, slew system, feed rollers, saw or delimbing head, hydraulics, guarding, cab protection, tyres or tracks and fire suppression.
Collect: Hours, component history, hose and boom inspections, attachment records, fire events, service logs and transport dimensions.
Accept: Cold start, loaded boom and attachment cycle, travel and brake test, leak review, measuring-system check and safety-system test.

Waste & Recycling Equipment+

Specify: Feedstock, contaminants, size, density, moisture, throughput, output specification, duty, fire risk, dust and downstream process.
Inspect: Rotor, knives, hammers or cutters, screens, bearings, conveyors, hydraulics, structure, fire and dust controls, guarding and controls.
Collect: Hours, prior feedstocks, wear-part and fire history, service, contamination controls, permits or inspection records and included tooling.
Accept: Representative feed trial under an approved safety plan, throughput and output check, vibration and temperature review and protection-system test.

Minimum machine evidence

Serial plate and exact configuration
Hours/cycles and evidence of meter replacement
Service, repair, calibration and incident records
Cold start and representative operating test
Wear measurements for critical components
Safety devices, guarding and emergency-stop test
Utilities, software, tooling and accessories included
Known defects and required repairs with quotations

Total acquisition cost

Keep the equipment price separate from every other cost so assumptions remain visible.

Inspection and testing

Dismantling and loading

Freight and insurance

Duty, tax and clearance

Site preparation and utilities

Retrofit and compliance work

Installation and commissioning

Training, tooling and spares

Finance and exchange rate

Downtime and contingency

Pause the transaction when

• Serial number, seller identity or authority to sell cannot be verified.
• The seller blocks a proportionate inspection, functional test or document review.
• Payment instructions change without independent verification through a known contact channel.
• Material damage, repairs, hours, incidents or missing components are not reflected in the written contract.
• Importability, product compliance or site suitability remains unresolved before non-refundable payment.
• The machine cannot be isolated or tested safely under an agreed method statement.

Related working papers

Inspection checklist Pricing guide Import-cost scenario Contract generator

This guide is a due-diligence framework, not an inspection, appraisal, conformity assessment or legal opinion. Requirements differ by equipment, intended use and jurisdiction. Use qualified technical, customs, tax, safety and legal advisers where the risk warrants it.

Loading EasiMachines…

Seven acquisition gates

Gate	Required work	Exit evidence
1. Requirement	Define the work, capacity, tolerances, utilities, site constraints, regulatory environment and acceptance criteria before comparing machines.	Approved specification and total-cost budget
2. Seller and title	Verify the legal seller, authority to sell, serial identity, ownership history, liens or security interests and sanctions/export-control exposure.	Identity and title evidence
3. Desktop review	Review photos, operating video, service records, manuals, known defects, recalls, software/licence transfer and available parts support.	Evidence register and open-items list
4. Inspection and test	Use an independent, competent inspector. Agree test scope, measurement methods, safety controls and acceptance limits in writing.	Signed inspection and functional-test report
5. Compliance	Identify product, workplace, environmental, import and operator requirements for the destination and intended use.	Compliance gap assessment and costed actions
6. Commercial terms	Document equipment scope, condition disclosures, price, taxes, payment protection, Incoterm, loading, risk transfer, inspection rights and remedies.	Executed contract and payment controls
7. Delivery and acceptance	Plan isolation, dismantling, lifting, transport, customs, site preparation, installation, commissioning, training and acceptance testing.	Delivery plan and acceptance certificate

Industry-specific decision points

Industries are ordered for your selected or detected market. Open the relevant section to see what to specify, inspect, collect and test.

Construction Equipment+

Specify: Task, production target, material, ground conditions, reach, lift, attachments, transport envelope, emissions tier and site rules.
Inspect: Structure and welds, pins and bushes, hydraulics, undercarriage or tyres, engine, brakes, safety systems and attachment interfaces.
Collect: Hours, service and fluid records, component rebuilds, inspection certificates, telematics history, ownership and attachment records.
Accept: Cold start, full-cycle loaded test, travel and brake test, leak and temperature review, safety-device test and measured wear report.

Agricultural Machinery+

Specify: Crop and task, acreage, soil, seasonal window, implements, road use, guidance system and local service support.
Inspect: Engine and drivetrain, hydraulics, PTO, hitch, tyres or tracks, electronics, wear parts and implement compatibility.
Collect: Hours, service history, ownership, field-use history, software or activation status, implement list and road documents.
Accept: Cold start, loaded hydraulic and PTO test, steering and braking test, guidance-system check and representative field trial where practical.

Machine Tools & Metalworking Equipment+

Specify: Material, part envelope, tolerance, surface finish, throughput, operations, tooling, probing, automation and control support.
Inspect: Geometry, spindle, axes, ways, ball screws, hydraulics, coolant, tool changer, control, guarding and chip management.
Collect: Power-on and cutting hours, alarm and service history, calibration, programs and licences, tooling, incidents and parameter backup.
Accept: Cold spindle run, geometry and backlash checks, representative cutting test, tool-change cycle, probing check and safety-function test.

Mining Equipment+

Specify: Ore or material, geology, production plan, duty, haul profile, altitude and climate, site standards, autonomy and support strategy.
Inspect: Main structure, powertrain, hydraulics, wear package, tyres or tracks, braking, steering, fire suppression, guarding and fatigue areas.
Collect: Hours and payload, rebuilds, oil analysis, structural repairs, tyre history, incidents, inspection records, telemetry and parts support.
Accept: Loaded duty-cycle test, brake and steering tests, temperature and pressure trends, structural NDT where justified and safety-system validation.

Processing & Packaging Equipment+

Specify: Product and pack, capacity, accuracy, format range, materials, seal or closure, coding, inspection, changeover and line integration.
Inspect: Product path, dosing system, sealing or forming tooling, conveyors, sensors, reject devices, controls, guarding and included change parts.
Collect: Prior products, format and change-part list, recipes and backups, maintenance, calibration, validation and reject-test records.
Accept: Agreed product and packaging-material run, speed and accuracy test, seal or closure checks, reject challenge and changeover demonstration.

Food & Beverage Processing Equipment+

Specify: Product, recipe, capacity, temperature, allergens, cleaning method, contact materials, utilities, line integration and validation needs.
Inspect: Product-contact surfaces, welds, dead legs, seals, drains, CIP or SIP circuits, controls, instrumentation and contamination history.
Collect: Materials declarations, manuals, cleaning records, recipes, calibration, maintenance, validation history and prior products processed.
Accept: Dry and wet run as applicable, capacity and temperature test, cleaning verification, instrument checks and agreed product trial.

Material Handling & Cranes Equipment+

Specify: Load and centre, lift height and radius, duty class, aisle or site geometry, floor, shifts, environment, attachments and power source.
Inspect: Structure, mast or boom, chains and ropes, forks or hook, brakes, steering, tyres, hydraulics, battery or engine and rated-capacity devices.
Collect: Capacity plate and chart, hours, periodic examinations, load-test history, repairs, attachment data, battery report and operator manual.
Accept: Pre-use inspection, no-load and rated-duty functional test under a competent plan, brakes and controls, limits and safety-device test.

Plastics, Rubber & Polymer Machinery+

Specify: Material, shot or output, screw and die, pressure, temperature, clamp force, mould envelope, cycle, auxiliaries and control needs.
Inspect: Screw and barrel, heaters, hydraulics, clamp and platens, gearbox, die or head, controls, guarding, cooling and material handling.
Collect: Hours and cycles, material history, screw and barrel measurements, service records, mould or die data, software and included auxiliaries.
Accept: Heat-up and stability test, dry cycle, pressure and clamp checks, leak review and representative production trial with agreed material.

Power Generation Equipment+

Specify: Continuous, prime or standby duty, load profile, voltage and frequency, fuel, emissions, altitude, synchronisation, noise and grid rules.
Inspect: Engine or prime mover, alternator, insulation, bearings, cooling, fuel, switchgear, protection, controls, enclosure and exhaust.
Collect: Running hours and starts, load history, service and oil analysis, protection settings, test reports, emissions data and overhaul history.
Accept: Cold start, stepped load-bank test, voltage and frequency stability, protection trips, synchronisation where relevant and leak or temperature review.

Oil & Gas Equipment+

Specify: Service, pressure, temperature, fluid, hazardous area, materials, sour-service needs, codes, skid interfaces and certification basis.
Inspect: Pressure boundary, corrosion and erosion, valves, seals, rotating equipment, electrical classification, relief devices, structure and piping.
Collect: Data book, material traceability, pressure tests, NDT, inspection and repair history, hazardous-area certificates and preservation log.
Accept: Document review by a competent engineer, leak or pressure test where appropriate, functional trip test, vibration check and control validation.

Transportation, Trucks & Trailers+

Specify: Payload, body or trailer type, routes, axle and dimensional limits, terrain, fuel, emissions, coupling, refrigeration and registration needs.
Inspect: Chassis and corrosion, engine and driveline, brakes, steering, suspension, tyres, body or trailer, coupling, electrics and safety systems.
Collect: VIN and title, mileage and engine hours, service and inspection history, accidents and repairs, emissions status and registration documents.
Accept: Cold start and road test by an authorised person, brake and steering checks, diagnostic scan, loaded systems test and body or trailer function test.

Industrial Automation & Robotics+

Specify: Payload, reach, accuracy, cycle, process, cell layout, interfaces, safety concept, software ownership and integration responsibility.
Inspect: Robot axes, backlash, dress pack, controller, teach pendant, tooling, guarding, scanners, interlocks, networks and backups.
Collect: Runtime and alarm history, programs and backups, licences, safety validation, maintenance, calibration and integration drawings.
Accept: Repeatability and payload test, representative cycle, I/O and network test, recovery test, backup restore evidence and safety validation.

Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment+

Specify: Process step, wafer size, technology and materials, throughput, uniformity, contamination class, facilities, automation and recipe ownership.
Inspect: Chamber and process modules, vacuum, gas and chemical systems, motion, optics or source, robotics, controls, interlocks and facility interfaces.
Collect: Configuration, serials, process and chamber history, uptime and alarms, contamination and decontamination records, software licences and support status.
Accept: Facilities check, leak and base-pressure tests where relevant, wafer handling, safety interlocks and an agreed process or monitor-wafer qualification.

Textile & Leather Machinery+

Specify: Fibre, yarn, fabric or hide, process, width or gauge, speed, quality target, colour or chemistry, utilities and finishing sequence.
Inspect: Frames, rollers, spindles, needles or knives, drives, tension control, heating or chemical circuits, extraction, controls and guarding.
Collect: Production hours, prior materials and chemicals, maintenance, settings and recipes, change parts, calibration and contamination history.
Accept: Representative material run, speed and quality measurement, tension and temperature stability, changeover and safety-function test.

Woodworking Machinery+

Specify: Wood or panel type, dimensions, cut or finish, tolerance, feed, production mix, tooling, extraction and automation needs.
Inspect: Spindles and arbors, bearings, fences and guides, cutters, feed system, tables, dust extraction, brakes, guarding and controls.
Collect: Hours, service and spindle history, tooling, software and licences, prior materials, dust or fire incidents and extraction requirements.
Accept: Runout and alignment checks, representative cut and finish test, feed and extraction test, braking and safety-function validation.

Marine Equipment+

Specify: Vessel and duty, power and speed, fuel, classification requirements, installation envelope, controls, cooling and emissions area.
Inspect: Block and rotating components, turbochargers, fuel and cooling systems, gearbox, mounts, controls, corrosion and preservation condition.
Collect: Serial identity, running hours, overhaul and oil-analysis history, class records, emissions documents, storage and preservation log.
Accept: Borescope and fluid review where justified, start and load test, pressure and temperature trend, vibration check and control-system test.

Printing Machinery+

Specify: Process, substrate, web or sheet format, colours, resolution, speed, drying or curing, finishing, coding and changeover targets.
Inspect: Cylinders and rollers, bearings, web path, feeders, registration, ink system, dryers, controls, inspection system and guarding.
Collect: Impression or running count, service history, colour-management and software licences, anilox or cylinder condition and prior substrates.
Accept: Representative substrate trial at agreed speed, registration and colour checks, waste measurement, changeover and safety-function test.

Test, Laboratory & Medical Equipment+

Specify: Intended use, sample or patient context, range, accuracy, throughput, environment, data integrity, calibration and regulatory status.
Inspect: Sensors, optics, motion, chambers, consumable path, alarms, software, accessories, electrical safety and decontamination condition.
Collect: Serial and configuration, calibration and service, software licence, validation, recall and incident status, decontamination and disposal records.
Accept: Calibration or performance verification against traceable standards, alarm and safety tests, data export and representative workflow test.

Forestry Equipment+

Specify: Timber size and terrain, production target, carrier, head or attachment, reach, mobility, transport, operator protection and fire risk.
Inspect: Boom and chassis, slew system, feed rollers, saw or delimbing head, hydraulics, guarding, cab protection, tyres or tracks and fire suppression.
Collect: Hours, component history, hose and boom inspections, attachment records, fire events, service logs and transport dimensions.
Accept: Cold start, loaded boom and attachment cycle, travel and brake test, leak review, measuring-system check and safety-system test.

Waste & Recycling Equipment+

Specify: Feedstock, contaminants, size, density, moisture, throughput, output specification, duty, fire risk, dust and downstream process.
Inspect: Rotor, knives, hammers or cutters, screens, bearings, conveyors, hydraulics, structure, fire and dust controls, guarding and controls.
Collect: Hours, prior feedstocks, wear-part and fire history, service, contamination controls, permits or inspection records and included tooling.
Accept: Representative feed trial under an approved safety plan, throughput and output check, vibration and temperature review and protection-system test.

Minimum machine evidence

Serial plate and exact configuration

Hours/cycles and evidence of meter replacement

Service, repair, calibration and incident records

Cold start and representative operating test

Wear measurements for critical components

Safety devices, guarding and emergency-stop test

Utilities, software, tooling and accessories included

Known defects and required repairs with quotations

Total acquisition cost

Keep the equipment price separate from every other cost so assumptions remain visible.

Inspection and testing

Dismantling and loading

Freight and insurance

Duty, tax and clearance

Site preparation and utilities

Retrofit and compliance work

Installation and commissioning

Training, tooling and spares

Finance and exchange rate

Downtime and contingency

Pause the transaction when

• Serial number, seller identity or authority to sell cannot be verified.

• The seller blocks a proportionate inspection, functional test or document review.

• Payment instructions change without independent verification through a known contact channel.

• Material damage, repairs, hours, incidents or missing components are not reflected in the written contract.

• Importability, product compliance or site suitability remains unresolved before non-refundable payment.

• The machine cannot be isolated or tested safely under an agreed method statement.